Why Biogas Hasn’t Caught Fire

The rush to energy production from biogas – methane from waste, and, in particular, manure – has slowed to a trickle, with large-scale anaerobic digesters remaining the primary source of production in North America.
Why haven’t home-based, or, at least, small farm-based systems flourished? The answer is simple, and yet complex. The simple answer is that the focus in any alternative energy initiatives across the continent has been on large-scale systems capable of supplementing, if not replacing conventional sources of energy production.
Biodiesel, for example, has the capacity to be produced in garage-sized facilities, yet most of the soybean and canola fed systems produce many millions of litres per year, with some generating 300-400 million litres. State and provincial regulations require onerous reporting processes, to document the scale of production, and smaller operators find this red tape not worth the effort for small production facilities.
Solar energy had been predicted to be cost-competitive with coal and hydro-powered electricity by 2010, yet still remains at prohibitively high capital cost levels, with a mere 15-20 year lifespan for the infrastructure. So, massive systems are being built in Nevada and Arizona, while backyard systems languish.
Wind power has seen a tornado of activity, but it is the large wind farms that predominate, while 1.5kw systems remain at a cost of $900-2,000 per unit. The average home would require 6-10 of these units to ensure a steady supply of energy, as well as a comprehensive array of deep-cycle batteries, inverters, charge protectors, and so on.
Biogas, then is in good company, with systems that are fed by 700-2,000 head of livestock in order to be economically viable.
That is not to suggest that small systems are not viable. Indeed, in Africa and eastern Asia, single units are producing enough biogas for cooking and lighting for a family of six, at a cost of under $100 per unit! Tests on a variety of prototypes in Canada have found that good results can be obtained by environmentally secure systems that cost only a few hundred dollars.
But that is where the more complex reason for the failure of small-scale biogas systems come into play: human nature.
Biogas is, to put it crudely, a garbage product. It is made from excrement, at worst, or, at best, waste organic material. The snobbery of western civilization dictates that we are repulsed by the ideal of using anything that is made from manure, or rotting trash. Worse, that we are expected to handle this raw sewage and effluent is many time more disgusting. The reality that we eat produce grow in animal crap, that we consume fungus and mould, intentional, every day, and that the waste that is used would naturally produce this methane energy anyway does not factor into our thinking. We simply decline to involve ourselves in the odious task of utilizing or handling garbage.
What is difficult to fathom, though, is that our capitalist economy has failed to recognize that garbage can be gold, and to market biogas systems with a fervour.
Not only can biogas be generated safely and cheaply from household waste, in every back yard, but the systems that could be constructed and sold could be marketed at a significant mark-up and a low input cost. This makes home-based biogas systems a win-win product. Yet, our governments ignore the chance to impact on the environment at the consumer level, businesses ignore the opportunity for profit in these systems and consumers ignore the chance to achieve energy independence in their own backyards, simply because we find the idea of recycling waste to be unpleasant.
The price that we pay is more unpleasant: a degrading environment, energy reliance on outside sources, and ever-increasing costs of energy.

LED & CFL Light Advantages

Ten years ago, compact fluorescent lights became the standard of energy efficiency for homeowners. Yet, fifteen years ago, the available CFLs and standard fluorescents produced a range of lighting that was woefully inadequate. Today, compact fluorescent bulbs come in a broad range of lighting types and designs, from candelabra lights to all-weather bulbs, from dimmable to flood light. Their approximation to natural light has become remarkable, while the annoying tendency to flutter and pulse virtually has been eliminated.
Standard fluorescent tube lights have been replaced with energy efficient, bright T8 fluorescents, saving energy, decreasing pollution risk and providing enhanced lighting in public places such as malls and office complexes. All of the fluorescent bulbs offer lifespans exceeding 5,000 hours.
Across North America, the use of CFL lighting is touted by energy providers and eco-enthusiasts as being an environmentally responsible choice. However, CFLs are rapidly being outdone by even more energy efficient and attractive options, The appeal of the CFL, it seems, is being dimmed.
Until three or four years ago, LED lights were relegated to ornamental uses or flashlights and vehicle taillights. They simply did not produce sufficient lighting to be of any value in homes, Now, though, 1.1 watt LED bulbs light lamps and fixtures that used to carry 13 watt CFLs or 40-60 watt incandescents. These LED bulbs are available in candelabra base, standard base, GU10 base and so on, making them completely interchangeable with all existing bulb types (except for fluorescent tubes). However, they also cost up to 15 times the cost of an incandescent bulb. On the other hand, they are rated for 10, 20, and even 40,000 hours of use. At 1/25 of the energy consumption and 40 times the lifespan of incandescent bulbs, the lifetime savings of LEDs is more than 6000% over the old lighting options.
But LEDs, before they have even achieved recognition as a super energy-efficient option for homeowners, are being dwarfed by more eco-friendly options.
Sylvania recently unveiled its “inductively coupled electrode-less electronic lighting systems.” Relying on neither filament nor electrode for light production, this new technology eliminates the heat produced by other bulbs, lasts 100,000 hours or more, provides exceptionally high lumen (lighting) output and provides a colour spectrum much closer to natural sunlight.
Still, LEDs offer the greatest potential for homeowners, combining low cost and sufficient lighting power while consuming virtually no energy. According to Digitime Research, the demand for LEDs will increase from 596 million in 2011 to 2.5 billion in 2013.
Gone are the days of replacing bulbs monthly, paying 15% of your electricity bill for lighting, and roaming through your home frantically turning off unused lights because of the high costs. A home now can be lit efficiently, environmentally responsibly and economically.